Research is needed to examine the effects of combined cognitive-behavioral therapy and medications, compared to medication alone in the treatment of NP. While the panic attack itself will usually pass within a few minutes it can sometimes take a long time to fully calm down enough to be able to return to. Recent evidence supports the efficacy of this approach, however, controlled studies on pharmacological agents in the treatment of NP are lacking. Night-time or nocturnal panic attacks have the same symptoms as a daytime panic attack, except that they wake you up from your sleep or occur just as you are about to drift off to sleep. Psychological treatment (cognitive-behavioral therapy) targets misappraisals of anxiety sensations, hyperventilatory response, and conditioned reactions to internal, physical cues. What causes nocturnal panic attacks The causes of panic attacks are unknown, but researchers agree on many potential factors such as: depression generalized anxiety disorder insomnia. Any panic attack that occurs while awake and lucid, such as when we are lying in bed about to go to sleep, is a regular panic attack and should be treated as such. They may also occur just as we are drifting off to sleep. Assessment of NP focuses on ruling out other explanations for NP, with differential diagnosis based on interviews, sleep polysomnography and ambulatory recording of sleep. Nocturnal panic attacks are, quite simply, panic attacks that occur while we are asleep. However, more precise measurement of physiological precipitants and features is warranted. Nocturnal panic can wake people up from sleep and can make going to sleep. In contrast to earlier work, more recent studies suggest that patients with NP do not differ from patients without NP on sleep architecture, sleep physiology, self-reported sleep quality and severity of panic disorder. Whilst panic attacks often occur during the day, they can also happen at night. This review outlines recent advances in the characterization of NP, as well as current approaches to the assessment and treatment of NP. NP is a non-REM event that is distinct from sleep terrors, sleep apnea, nightmares or dream-induced arousals.
Nocturnal panic (NP), waking from sleep in a state of panic, is a common occurrence among patients with panic disorder, with 44-71% reporting at least one such attack. Nocturnal panic attack is characterized by sudden awakening from sleep followed by the classical symptoms of panic disorder.
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